spectra Publications
Biology/Health
Research Papers
Genetic Causes of Congenital Tooth Agenesis
Jiyoo Choi
Korea International School, Pangyo, Korea
Differential gene expressions and mutations significantly impact dental development, especially regarding odontoblast development in both the primary and permanent dentition. One of the most significant effects is tooth agenesis, a condition where an individual has one or more missing teeth. This paper will expound on the prevalence, major symptoms, genetic precursors, associated conditions, and health implications of congenital tooth agenesis. Although many genetic factors, external influences, and inheritance patterns contribute to the development of tooth agenesis in an individual, the three primary genes involved are MSH Homeobox 1 (MSX1), Paired Box Protein 9 (PAX9), and Axis Inhibition Protein 2 (AXIN2). The expression of these genes has a significant impact on the growth of the functional form of teeth, and this paper will investigate the connection between gene expression and its molecular impact during various stages of odontoblast development.
A Machine Learning Approach to Keratin Filament Imaging: Enhancing Risk Stratification for Skin Cancer Metastasis
Aiden Ha
Korea International School, Pangyo, Korea
The progression of skin cancer from a localized to metastatic form requires an intricate series of cellular events called the metastatic cascade. This event involves local invasion, intravasation into blood or lymphatic vessels, survival in circulation, extravasation at distant sites, and colonization of new tissues. At each step, significant changes are required in cell behavior and characteristics.
2017 December 1 ~ 2018 May 8
written by John Heo Reviewed by Dr. Richard Kyung
ABSTRACT
In medical imaging, contrast agents play an important role in refining the clarity and contrast of a body part. Higher clarity and contrast allows the physician to clearly differentiate between the body structure and nearby tissue. This allows for accurate examination and diagnosis of any abnormality in the body part. Contrast agents are used for medical scans such as the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, a frequently used diagnostic method in modern clinical practice that does not use damaging ionizing radiation. Through electrochemical techniques, researchers have studied the possibility of using aqueous nanoparticles as contrast agents.
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